Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume:7 Issue: 6, Dec 2017

 The Maui Worksite Wellness Policy Initiative was evaluated utilizing a baseline and follow‑up study to improve the prevalence and awareness of worksite wellness for Maui employers following the Maui Worksite Wellness Summit intervention.

To evaluate a worksite wellness intervention. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Worksites that attended the Maui Worksite Wellness Summit with a pre‑ and post‑test design. P A R T I C I P A N T S A N D M E T H O D S : W o r k s i t e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d w o r k s i t e w e l l n e s s components (infrastructure, physical activity, and nutrition) were measured using a Likert‑scale survey. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the pre‑ and post‑tests.

The baseline sample was comprised of 9 businesses, and the number of full‑time employees ranged from 3 to 715; the follow‑up sample was comprised of 7 businesses, and the number of full‑time employees ranged from 3 to 750. Results indicated that majority (71.43%) of worksites improved their worksite wellness policies, 85.71% improved their infrastructure, 71.43% increased their support for physical activity policies, and 57.14% improved their support for nutrition policies after the Maui worksite wellness summit.

Based on this study, future efforts should comprise of a larger sample, more rigorous methodology, and longer duration.

Fear of childbirth is a common problem in pregnant women, which in many cases leads to maternal requested cesarean. A midwife, as a responsible person, plays an important role in providing advice and giving care to mothers during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of individual counseling program by a midwife on fear of childbirth in primiparous women.

This clinical trial was conducted in 2015–16, on ninety primiparous women with gestational ages of 28–30 weeks, who presented themselves at health‑care centers in Mashhad. The individuals were randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group received the counseling program individually during three sessions, and the routine care was given to the control group. Data collection tools the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire. The data were collected at recruitment during 34–36 weeks of pregnancy and were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and the statistical tests: Chi‑square and t‑test, and P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

During weeks 34–36 of pregnancy, the mean scores for fear of childbirth in the intervention group and control group were 39.733 ± 17.085 and 65.666 ± 15.019, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001).

The individual counseling program provided by the midwife to the primiparous women during pregnancy resulted in reduced fear of childbirth.

Although numerous studies have documented malocclusion in various age groups in India, the literature on the prevalence of malocclusion in mixed dentition is scanty. Dental caries is another most common condition affecting the general health. However, its association with malocclusion in mixed dentition is not well known.

The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with caries experience in 8–9‑year‑old children of Davangere city, South Indian region. SETTING AND DESIGN: The study design was a cross‑sectional survey.

A total of 800 children from 350 schools (both males and females) were randomly selected for the study. t‑test and Chi‑square test were used for statistical analysis.

The overall prevalence of malocclusion among 8–9‑year‑old children was 40.9%. The most prevalent malocclusion was crowding (11.5%), followed by excessive overjet (9.4%), deep bite (6.8%), spacing (6.5%), crossbite (4.5%), and open bite (3.2%). Class I molar relationship prevailed in 95.5% of children.

The prevalence of malocclusion in our study was in accordance with the other studies reported in India, which ranged from 19.6% to 90%. Furthermore, correlation of malocclusion and dental caries in the primary dentition, although nonsignificant, presented children with malocclusion to have a higher caries experience than children without malocclusion.

Studies have found that nearly 90% of the first use of tobacco takes place before high school graduation (teenagers) and training discussion due to prevention can be useful, therefore, here, we aimed to determine the effects of training on awareness of cigarette outcomes (physical and psychological) in male teenagers.

We conducted an interventional study using Solomon’s four‑group plan, which used a two‑stage cluster sampling in four groups (two experimental groups and two control groups). The three sessions of at least 2 h of education intervention including visual displaying using photo, film, and short scientific texts were held for the interventional group. After 1 month, all four groups took posttest, and research groups were followed up after 8 months of intervention. All data were analyzed using one‑way analysis of variance and covariance in SPSS.

According to the results, the mean of posttest scores had increased rather than pretest scores, and generally, a significant difference was observed (P ≤ 0.001). These results were significant in the aspect of both physical and psychological outcomes awareness. The difference between the mean of scores in follow‑up period and posttest was not statistically significant, and it shows training retention after 8 months (P < 0.666).

It can be concluded that through the training, it is possible to increase the awareness of teenagers about physical and psychological outcomes of cigarette smoking that this can have an important role in smoking prevention.

The objective of this study is to explore the student’s perspectives toward the interactive lectures as a teaching and learning method in an integrated curriculum.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted among 1st, 2nd and 3rd year male medical students (n = 121). A self‑administered questionnaire based on the Visual, Auditory, Reader, Kinesthetic learning styles, learning theories, and role of feedback in teaching and learning on five‑point Likert rating scale was used. The questionnaire was constructed after extensive literature review.

There was an 80% response rate in this study. The total number of undergraduate medical students responded in the study were n = 97, 34 students of 1st year, n = 30 students of 2nd year and n = 33 student were in 3rd year, the mean scores of the student responses were calculated using Independent samples Kruskal–Wallis. There was no significant difference in the responses of the students of different years except for the question “The Interactive lectures facilitate effective use of learning resources.” Which showed significant difference in the responses of the 3 years students by Independent samples Kruskal–Wallis test. No significant association was found between the year of study and items of the questionnaire except for the same item, “ The Interactive lectures facilitates effective use of learning resources” by Spearman rank correlation test.

The students perceive interactive lecture as an effective tool for facilitating visual and auditory learning modes, and for achieving curricular strategies. The student find the feedback given during the interactive lectures is effective in modifying learning attitude and enhancing motivation toward learning.

One of the methods that help students in learning critical thinking and decision‑making skills is storytelling. Story helps the students to place themselves in the same situation as the main protagonist and try different ways and finally select and implement the best possible method. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of storytelling on hopefulness of students, age 8–11 in Isfahan’s 2nd ed.ucational district.

This is an applied, quasi-experimental study. The study population comprised of 34 randomly selected students attending one of the schools in Isfahan’s 2nd ed.ucational district. The data gathering tool was the standard Kazdin hopefulness scale (α = 0.72) and data were gathered before and after 8 storytelling sessions for the intervention group. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical (paired and independent t‑test) with the help of SPSS Version 18 software.

The study’s findings showed a significant difference in the average hopefulness score of students in study group in pre‑ and posttest (P = 0.04). Furthermore, independent t‑test results showed a significant difference in hopefulness score of intervention and control (P = 0.001). The average hopefulness score of the control group after storytelling sessions was higher than that of the intervention and control.

The results show the effectiveness of storytelling as a method for improving hopefulness in students.

The oral health of pregnant females needs attention, especially in developing countries like India where oral checkup and care is not considered to be a part of mandatory antenatal protocols.

This study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of pregnant females in Central India including the assessment of their knowledge, attitude, and awareness about oral health.

The study population comprised of 320 pregnant females, and a control group consisted of 103 age‑matched nonpregnant females. A cross‑sectional self‑reported questionnaire‑based survey and clinical examination was conducted.

Out of 320, 192 (60%) pregnant females had some dental problem during pregnancy. Community periodontal index (CPI) score for total pregnant females (2.16) was significantly higher in comparison to control group (1.29). Nearly 72.81% of pregnant females had never attended the dentist. Trimester‑wise comparison showed time‑dependent increase in CPI score. Low educational status, older age, earlier issues, poor hygiene habits, and tobacco use showed a direct effect on compromised oral health.

The study highlights the need of interaction between dental practitioners and gynecologists including routine dental checkup during antenatal visits of pregnant females as essential.

Family participation is an important element on nutritional education especially for students. Parents have a key role in instilling and understanding healthy eating habits, but yet the use of family participation strategies in the nutrition education was low. The aim of this study is determining the effect of parental educational intervention program for parents on adolescents’ nutritional behaviors in Isfahan, Iran in 2016.

This study was a kind of field trial that conducted on 63 girl teenagers from junior high schools of Isfahan in 2016 that were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection tool which was a researcher made questionnaire was completed in both groups before and 1 month after the intervention. The intervention included three training sessions for parents and giving educational compact disc and forwarding SMS. To analysis of data independent t‑test and paired t‑test were used.

Paired t‑test showed that in intervention group the average score of fruit (P = 0.03) and in control group the average score of vegetables (P < 0.05) were significant statistical difference, but in other aspects of nutritional behaviors was not a significant difference. Independent t‑test showed that after intervention, mean scores nutritional behavior of adolescent girls in both groups had no significant differences.

No significant difference was in the nutritional behaviors before and after the intervention. Hence, just educating the parents is not enough for achieving appropriate nutritional behaviors in the adolescents.

Increasing incidence of medically compromised patients seeking dental treatment and implant rehabilitation, necessitates greater knowledge toward managing such patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the perceptions of dental interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, toward dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients.

Using a convenience random sampling technique, a cross‑sectional questionnaire‑based study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of the interns from dental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data pertaining to demographic details of the participants, academic grade point average (GPA), clinical implant training and experience and perceptions about dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients were collected.

The survey response rate was 82.9% (n = 174/210; Males‑129/Females‑45). Less than half of the interns (n = 82/174; 47.1%) had performed dental implants, out of which 41.5% (n = 34/82) had placed implants in medically compromised patients. Most medical illnesses except controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension were perceived by the interns as contraindications for dental implant placement.

Based on the results of the present study, it could be concluded that courses with a greater emphasis toward management of dental patients with medical problems and undergraduate implant training for such patients would result in better knowledge and perception among dental interns regarding dental implant placement in medically compromised patients.

Health literacy is a set of different skills, including reading, listening, analyzing, deciding, and applying these skills related to health status. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare hereditary genetic disease which affects several aspects of the life of patients and their families. The aim of this study was to assess the health literacy of patients with EB in Iran.

Thirty‑three patients from Iran with EB, aged above 15 years‑old, were enrolled in the study. Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire, which measures health literacy in five domains including reading, access, perception, assessment, and decision-making skills, was used for collecting the data. SPSS analytical software, version 22, was used for statistical analysis.

In total, 19 (57.6%) patients were male and 14 (42.4%) female with an age range of 15‑41 years. Nineteen (57.6%) patients had inadequate health literacy in reading skills. One‑third of patients had enough health literacy in the realm of access, and two‑thirds were excellent in perception. Overall, there was no significant correlation between the level of health literacy with age (P = 0.92), sex (P = 0.55), race (P = 0.58), and educational level (P = 0.51) of the patients.

The majority of the patients had inadequate health literacy in reading skills while these patients had acceptable health literacy in perception, assessment, and decision‑making skills. Improvement of health literacy of these patients should be a priority for health policy makers with the aim of increasing their quality of life and decreasing their personal and social problems.

To increase the utilization of preventive dental care, it is essential to improve the knowledge and attitude of parents about such cares. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of school children’s parents toward fissure sealant (FS) and professional fluoride therapy in Isfahan.

In this cross‑sectional study, school children’s parents (n = 637) were selected based on proportional cluster sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire was designed, including demographic section, questions about parents’ experience and their knowledge and attitude about professional fluoride and FS therapy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, regression, Chi‑square, and correlation coefficient tests.

The means of total knowledge and knowledge about fluoride therapy and FS were 5.9 ± 4.1 out of 19, 3.3 ± 2.0 out of 9 and 2.6 ± 2.7 out of 10, respectively. The mean of attitude was 33.7 ± 5.8. The mean of knowledge toward FS therapy was significantly higher in academically educated parents (P = 0.023). The mean of total knowledge among those who received their knowledge by their dentist was also significantly higher than that of other resources such as mass media (P = 0.003). Total knowledge was positively correlated with attitude (P < 0.001, coefficient = 0.5). Of participants, 10.4% (54) and 23.2% (124) had the experience of FS and fluoride therapy, respectively.

Based on the low level of knowledge regarding professional preventive care in this study and the effectiveness of knowledge acquired through dentists and mass media consultations, it might be effective to require them to consider such training more seriously.

Using fertility treatment will cause high levels of anxiety and depression. The study was carried out with the objective of determining the effect of problem‑solving skills (PSS) training on mental health and the success of treatment of infertile women under intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatment.

this randomized clinical trial was carried out on 72 women referring to Milad Infertility Center in Mashhad. Individuals were randomly assigned into control and intervention groups. PSS were taught in three sessions in the intervention group, and the control group received usual care. The success rate of therapy and the mean of anxiety and depression on the day of IUI operation were compared using the Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger Anxiety Inventory in both groups. t‑test, Mann–Whitney, paired t‑test, Wilcoxon, and Chi‑square tests were used to analyze the data.

on the day of IUI operation, the mean score of state anxiety in the control group (5 0 . 11 ± 8.51) and PSS (68.12 ± 11.49) was significant (P < 0.001), trait anxiety in the control group (46.41 ± 8.70) and PSS (44.00 ± 9.92) was significant (P < 0.001), and depression in the control group (17.44 ± 11.70) and PSS (12.99 ± 8.99) was significant (P < 0.001); however, the success of treatment in both groups (14.7% and PSS (26.5%) was not significantly different (P = 0.230).

Considering the effect of problem‑solving on reducing anxiety and depression, it is suggested that infertility center of this intervention should be used.

Although education is one of the most substantial needs of patients that should be taught by nurses and midwives, it is not clearly defined through the hidden curriculum in students’ teaching programs. The aim of this study was to explore the patient education through the hidden curriculum in the perspectives of nursing and midwifery students.

A qualitative, content analysis study was performed and twenty nursing and midwifery students were interviewed. Data were collected using face‑to‑face semi‑structured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach.

Students’ perception of the hidden curriculum in patient education emerged in three main themes concerning: (1) interactions, (2) teaching and learning opportunities, and (3) reflective evaluation.

The hidden curriculum in patient education can be transferred as interactions between professors, students, nurses, doctors, and also patients who are rooted from paying attention to the human dimension of the patient, avoiding the materialistic treatment of the patient and treating the patient with dignity. Educational policies and students’ assignments should be designed based on the patient’s educational goals and the goal of evaluation has to be presented to the students clearly.

Air pollution is an important environmental issue due to its proven serious impacts on human health. The aim of this study was to estimate the attribution of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameters of ≤ 2.5 and 10 (PM2.5 and PM10) in the prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and premature deaths in Isfahan in 2013–2014.

This descriptive, ecological study was conducted to assess health impacts of PM2.5 and PM10 on the population using Air Q2.2.3 software, suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO).

The results showed that the annual mean, winter mean, summer mean, and the 98 percentile of PM10 concentration in Isfahan were 108, 100, 116, and 264 μg/m3, respectively. The number of deaths per year related to PM2.5 was 670 and that for PM10 was 713 cases. The number of annual deaths due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to PM10 was 316 and 68 cases, respectively.

The results of this study revealed that about 44.3% of total annual death due to cardiovascular diseases and 9.55% of that due to respiratory diseases were attributed to PM10 exposure. In the other word, residents were exposed to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations higher than the WHO guidelines which caused a notable increase in the rate of mortality.

Some skin diseases are incurable and modern medicine can only control them. In addition, alternative treatment remedies including balneotherapy can be effective in improving skin conditions. However, there are only a limited number of studies on particular mineral or trace elements of mineral sources that have been identified in Iran. In this respect, the amount of minerals and trace elements in Mamasani thermal source, Fars Province, Iran, was measured using electrochemical, titration, and spectrophotometric methods and evaluated.

The amount of minerals and trace elements in Mamasani thermal source, Fars Province, Iran, was measured using electrochemical, titration, and spectrophotometric methods.

The concentrations of natural gases such as H2S and NO3 in Mamasani thermal source were measured to be 22.10 mg/L and 42.79 mg/L, respectively. The source also contained major ions such as chloride, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and carbonate. Due to the high concentration of chloride, sulfate, and sodium ions in comparison with other major ions, the water source is also classified as sulfide water. The existing trace elements in this thermal water source are iron, zinc, copper, selenium, cobalt, chromium, boron, silisium, aluminum, magnesium, and molybdenum.

We concluded that bathing in this source could be beneficial. As nitrate concentration is close to the highest standard concentration for drinking water, it can be used in chronic dermatitis, psoriasis, burns, and allergy. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of sulfur‑containing water in this source can be helpful in the treatment of leg ulcers, tinea versicolor, tinea corporis, and tinea capitis.

Discourse analysis (DA) is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry and becoming an increasingly popular research strategy for researchers in various disciplines which has been little employed by health‑care researchers. The methodology involves a focus on the sociocultural and political context in which text and talk occur. DA adds a linguistic approach to an understanding of the relationship between language and ideology, exploring the way in which theories of reality and relations of power are encoded in such aspects as the syntax, style, and rhetorical devices used in texts. DA is a useful and productive qualitative methodology but has been underutilized within health‑care system research. Without a clear understanding of discourse theory and DA it is difficult to comprehend important research findings and impossible to use DA as a research strategy. To redress this deficiency, in this article, represents an introduction to concepts of discourse and DA, DA history, Philosophical background, DA types and analysis strategy. Finally, we discuss how affect to the ideological dimension of such phenomena discourse in health‑care system, health beliefs and intra‑disciplinary relationship in health‑care system.